Optically, these three groups are characterized by dif ferent fundamental band gap energies, % g. The module distinguishes the two main categories of solids. We assume for the present discussion that the solid is thick enough so that reections from the back surface can be neglected. All the matter that remains as residue upon evaporation at 103oc to 105oc. Information and data on the physical characteristics of solid wastes are important for the selection and operation of equipment and for the analysis and design of disposal facilities. Two additional properties, malleability and ductility. Defects play an important role in determining the properties of solids. The students will develop an understanding of solids, liquids, and gases and that each of these states are made up of matter. Chemical characteristics chemical properties of msw are very important in evaluating the alternative processing and recovery options. Aggregation creates intraaggregrate and interaggregate pore space, thereby changing flow.
The phase of matter that a given substance exhibits depends on temperature and pressure. J which physical and chemical properties are largely affected by surface area soil structure. Notes,whiteboard,whiteboard page,notebook software,notebook, pdf,smart,smart technologies ulc,smart board interactive whiteboard. These notes are aligned with our channels video lectures. Pdf porosity dependence of mechanical properties of solid materials.
Physical properties affected by the solid state properties can influence both the choice of the delivery system and the activity of the drug, as determined by the rate of delivery. Liquids can flow easily and assume the shape of their container but can be easily compressed but it is hard but not as hard as compressing a solid. Identify the characteristics of crude oil understand the difference between sweet and sour crude oil. I recommend you print the pdf version of this file and get started right away. Thermal expansion of solids scientific research publishing. Important questions of mechanical properties of solids for. With unsuitable foundations, it does not reflect the reality. Pdf the generalized means are used as a simple but elegant mixture rule for providing a unified description of the physical properties of polyphase. The repeating unit of the lattice is called the unit cell.
Properties of colloids and their variation are a wellknown area ever since the primitive age. Since the attraction is so weak, they are weakened and broken at very low temperature. What is matter and what are the properties of a solid, liquid. The physical properties of some crystalline solids are stated below.
The atoms still vibrate and the electrons fly around in their orbitals, but the entire atom will not change its position. National eligibility cum entrance testug 2020 neetug2020 will be conducted by the central board of secondary education cbse, for admission to mbbsbds courses in india in medicaldental colleges run with the approval of medical council of indiadental council of india under the union ministry of health and family welfare, government of india except for the institutions established. Physical properties are characteristics of matter that we can either observe or measure. Properties of colloids physical, electrical, optical. Physical properties of matter activities properties of. Physical properties of matter activities properties of solids properties of fluids behavior of gases stress, tension, compression bernoullis and archimedes boyles and charles law. Elastic properties of solids page 1 of 8 elastic properties of solids exercises i ii for one weight exercises iii and iv give the second weight this is a rare experiment where you will get points for breaking a sample. Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter the atoms in a solid are closely packed.
Experiments on optical reflectivity, transmission and refraction provide the way to determine the dielectric constant of the solid, which is related to the band structure. Mechanical properties of solids 233 as a result of applied tangential force, there is a relative displacement. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Network covalent solids these substances contain a network of covalent bondsthat extend throughout a crystalline solid, holding it firmly together. This was necessary because the first day of class was cancelled. Gases have no definite shape they take the shape of their container. Elastic properties of solids university of toronto. Solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and boseeinstein condensates bec are different states of matter that have different physical properties. We tried to write a book to provide a fundamental understanding of physical properties of foods. Optical properties of solids lm herz trinity term 2014.
Sep 06, 2016 what is matter and what are the properties of a solid, liquid and gas matter. Anything which occupies space and has mass is called matter. The simple cubic cell primitive cubic is the simplest unit cell and has structural particles centered only at its corners. Pdf optical properties of solids download full pdf. A crystalline particle is characterized by definite external and internal structures. Our goal is understanding the properties of solids. Kindly note that some of these notes are not written by us and they are borrowed from student community. Food, water, air, clothes, table, chair, plants and trees.
Solid materials have properties that separate them from other states of matter. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. For each example, explain why the substance has the property stated by relating the property to the structure and bonding within the solid. The wideranging optical properties observed in solid state materials can be classified into a small number of general phenomena.
Each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties for any bulk quantity under given conditions. Diamond, graphite and the buckyball are examples of polymorphs of. Organizer properties of solids, liquids and gases gas liquid solid 1. Substance type of particle attractive forces between particles ammonia, nh. September 18, 2017 a revised version of the syllabus is now posted. In completing the work in investigation 1 of solids and liquids, students are expected to develop understandings and skills including. Now lets fold 1fold paper in half like a hamburger. Classifications for solids examples degree of order long range order. A noncharacteristic property is a physical or chemical property that is. This textbook presents the general point of views of the optical properties of solids and gives an overview of the landscape of optics in solid state materials, especially focusing on optical imaging techniques.
They have no definite volume they may be compressed. Solids have a fixed crystalline structure, whereas liquids and gases are more freeflowing. The structure and properties of solids vandemataram college. Get optical properties of solids mark fox solutions manual pdf file for free from our online library pdf file. In material science, polymorphism is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure. In this lesson, you will learn about the properties of solids and how to observe or measure them. Oct 05, 2018 physics sample paper with solution, problems, neet aipmt physics ray optics, rotational motion, simple harmonic motion shm, elasticity, fluids and solids, thermal properties of matter, the ideal gas law mechanical properties of solids and fluids.
Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does expands to fill the entire volume available to it like a gas. The arrangement and organization of soil particles in the soil, and the tendency of individual soil particles to bind together in aggregates. The physical properties of the solid state seen in crystals and powders of both drugs and pharmaceutical excipients are of interest because they can affect both. Optical properties glasses are among the few solids that transmit visible light thin film oxides might, but scattering from grains limit their thickness mica windows at acoma pueblo glasses form the basic elements of virtually all optical systems. Since normal incidence measurements are easier to carry out in practice, it is quite possible to study the optical properties of solids with just normal incidence measurements, and. Physical properties of granular solids play a signi. A solid does not flow and can be stored in a container. Phasesstates of matter 3cut three flaps two cuts up to the fold on the short side of the paper. Pdf understanding critical material properties for solid dosage.
A solid does not diffuse into another solid easily. Indian philosophers said that all the matter living or nonliving, was made up of five basic elements air, earth, fire, sky and water. Also the current situation of standardisation of solid. Chemical stability, as affected by the physical properties, can be significant. Solids that are formed by slow cooling will tend to be crystalline, while solids that are frozen rapidly are more likely to be amorphous. This module shows how the structure and composition of various solids determine their properties, including conductivity, solubility, density, and melting point. Settleable solids are measured as mll, which is an approximate measure of the sludge that can be removed by primary sedimentation. They also assume the shape of their container and flow easily. Mar 16, 2014 solids maintain a fixed volume and shape and are not easily compressed. Water vapor, liquid water and ice all have the same chemical properties, but their physical properties are considerably different.
The best example to prove their familiarity with us is that we know from very early times that coagulation of milk results in the formation of curd. Physical properties of liquids and gases tables of physical properties of liquids and gases c1 density of liquids c2 viscosity of gas c3 viscosity of liquids c4 heat capacity of gas c5 heat capacity of liquid c6 thermal conductivity of gas c7 thermal conductivity of liquids and solids c8 surface tension of organic liquids c9 vapor pressure. Properties of solids, liquids, and gases chemistry socratic. This shows a light beam incident on an optical medium. Solids have the least internal energy of the three states of matter and are typically the coolest. Teich, fundamentals of photonics, wiley a yariv, quantum electronics, wiley. Physical properties are also often at the center of manufac. Optical properties of solids covers the important concepts of intrinsic optical properties and photoelectric emission. Relation between bonding, structure and properties of materials introduction bonding in solids ionic bond covalent bond metallic bond intermolecular forces 1 materials science and engineering sophia a. The nature of the colloidal solution is heterogeneous i. Optical properties of solids claudia ambroschdraxl chair of atomistic modelling and design of materials university leoben, austria. It presents the background of electromagnetic theory, which is based on maxwells equations. The accessible exoteric knowledge, covering thermal expansion of solids, is not adequate.
Solid materials have distinct uses based on their properties. Whether a solid is crystalline or amorphous depends on the material involved, and the conditions in which it was formed. Structure and properties of solids flashcards quizlet. This chapter provides brief descriptions of physical and chemical properties as background and preparation for more detailed discussion in later chapters in which these properties are used to describe the characteristics of specific dental materials. Neet aipmt physics mcq mechanical properties of solids. Physical characteristics of a substance change as it goes from one state of matter to another. The physical properties of a substance depends upon its physical state. Ohios new learning standards clear learning targets. What three 3 defining characteristics explained in the video are different.
Matter is the stuff of the universe, the atoms, molecules and ions that make up all physical substances. Prediction and correlation of physical properties evan buck, m. Chapter 12 intermolecular first page of chapter forces and. The simplest group, namely reflection, propagation and transmission, is illustrated in fig. Optical properties of solids optical methods are very useful for the quantitative determination of the electronic band structure of solids. The book starts by providing an introduction to the fundamental optical spectra of solids.
Many measurements of the optical properties of solids involve the normal incidence reectivity which is illustrated in fig. Forces and the physical properties of liquids and solids insert picture from first page of chapter. The magnetic properties of solids derive essentially from the magnetism of their electrons. The forces of attraction between individual particles and the arrangement of these particles which means the properties depend on the chemical bonds between the particles what is a crystal a 3d solid in which the particles are arranged in a regular repeating pattern throughout the structure.
Identify the following as a chemical c or physical property p. This section discusses some physical properties of materials in the solid state. The particles in this type of solid are not arranged in regular pattern. Chapter 2 slide of 85 crystal lattices to describe crystals, threedimensional views must be used. A molecular comparison of gases, liquids, and solids. For this we have included pdf notes of each chapter still updating. Solids, liquids and gases are the three main phases of matter.
Properties of solids electrical and thermal conductivity. Physical chemistry of ionic materials wiley online books. Lesson objectives upon completion of this module, students will be able to. They have definite volume they cannot be compressed 1. The major physical characteristics measured in waste are. Flowability and handling characteristics of bulk solids. An overview on preformulation for pharmaceutical product. The text then discusses maxwells equations and the dielectric function. Jul 23, 2014 solid is one of the three main states of matter, along with liquid and gas.
A solid b liquid c gas d putty this matter has a fixed shape and volume with particles closely packed together with little movement. Reading comprehension properties of solids, liquids, and. In order to learn more from such measurements, we need to have detailed models of the materials and their corresponding dielectric properties. Have you ever stopped to think why it is that you are able to float in water.
Physical and chemical properties of solids pocket dentistry. The flow properties of bulk solids depend on many parameters, e. Physical properties of matter activities properties of solids properties of fluids physical properties of gases create. Because impurities will alter a compounds physical properties, measurements close to the known values indicate that the substance is of high purity. In addition, engineering concepts and physical chemistry knowledge are not combined in these books. Absorption and re ectivity experiments allow us to measure some combination of 1 or 2, with the remainder reconstructed by the kramerskronig relations. Solid state physics part ii optical properties of solids. This book provides an introduction to chemical bond, phonons, and.
Nuclei also possess angular momentum, but their magnetic moments, but they are. The weight of the displaced water pushes upward on you, while the weight of your body pushes down. At the beginning, one may assume that in a broad range of temperature t the relative increment of the body length l. The molecules in a solid are stuck in a specific structure or arrangement of atoms. Simulate the movement of atoms and molecules in solids, liquids, and gases demonstrate the properties of liquids including density and buoyancy investigate how the density of a solid behaves in varying. The volume of water that your body displaces has weight. Liquids have no definite shape they take the shape of their container. August 28, 2017 for this course you will need to know the chemical formula of the common minerals as listed here. Investigation and tuning of physical properties magnetism, conductivity, sorption, luminescence defects in solids. What are the properties of solids, liquids and gases. The strain so produced is known as shearing strain and it is defined as the ratio of relative displacement of the faces. Physical properties of polymeric solids request pdf. They can have pure elements or a variety of compounds inside. They will explore physical properties of matter by observing and measuring the volume, weight, and density amount of mass of available solids and liquids.